How (Not) to Affirm Penal Substitutionary Atonement: A Response to the 2017 SBC Resolution

Joshua McNall

PhD, University of Manchester · Associate Professor of Pastoral Theology, Oklahoma Wesleyan University

Joshua McNall is Associate Professor of Pastoral Theology at Oklahoma Wesleyan University. He is the author of Perhaps: Reclaiming the Space Between Doubt and Dogmatism (IVP Academic, 2021) and The Mosaic of Atonement (Zondervan Academic, 2019), and hosts the Outpost Theology podcast.

Centering the Atonement: Balancing the Substitutionary Work of Christ

Adam Johnson

PhD, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School

Adam Johnson is a theologian whose work focuses on the doctrine of the atonement, exploring the many ways in which the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ effect the reconciliation of all things to God.

Why Denying Penal Substitution Need Not Impugn God’s Perfect Justice

Jonathan C. Rutledge

PhD Theology (University of St Andrews) · PhD Philosophy (University of Oklahoma) · Associate Professor of Philosophy, Asbury University

Jonathan C. Rutledge is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Asbury University. He is the author of Forgiveness and Atonement: Christ’s Restorative Sacrifice (Routledge, 2022) and has published in Modern Theology, Faith and Philosophy, and Religious Studies.

An Analysis of the 2017 SBC Resolution on Penal Substitutionary Atonement

Carl Mosser

PhD, University of St Andrews

Carl Mosser has served as Professor of Christian Theology at Gateway Seminary, Visiting Research Professor and Analytic Theology Fellow at the University of Notre Dame, and Associate Professor of Biblical Studies at Eastern University.

An Early Medieval Pastor-Poet’s Thoughts on the Cross

Benjamin Wheaton

PhD, University of Toronto

Benjamin Wheaton specializes in theology and society in Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. He is the author of Suffering, Not Power: Atonement in the Middle Ages (Lexham Press) and has a forthcoming monograph on Venantius Fortunatus from E.J. Brill.

Substitution, Justice, and Love: Reflections on Penal Substitutionary Atonement

Joshua Thurow

Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Texas at San Antonio · Executive Director, Society of Christian Philosophers

Joshua Thurow is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas at San Antonio and Executive Director of the Society of Christian Philosophers. He has published on atonement, the cognitive science of religion, and epistemology in Philosophical Studies, American Philosophical Quarterly, and Faith and Philosophy.

Heading Backwards: Toward a Trinitarian Doctrine of Penal Substitutionary Atonement

Jacob Denhollander

PhD student, University of Wales Trinity Saint David

Jacob Denhollander is a PhD student at the University of Wales, Trinity Saint David. He lives in Michigan with his wife Rachael and four children.